Geochemical constraints refer to the use of chemical and isotopic analyses to understand the composition, origin, and evolution of rocks, minerals, fluids, and other geological materials. This research area aims to provide valuable insights into Earth processes such as tectonics, volcanism, weathering, and sedimentation by examining the distribution and behavior of elements and isotopes in various geological materials. Geochemical constraints can be used to determine the source of materials, the conditions under which they formed, and the processes that have affected them over time. This information can help geoscientists reconstruct past environments, track the movement of fluids and elements within the Earth's crust, and better understand natural hazards and resources. Overall, geochemical constraints play a crucial role in advancing our understanding of Earth's complex system and its geological history.